Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.)

wahyu kumil laila

Abstract


Stres oksidatif yang disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan sistem pertahanan antioksidan berhubungan dengan patogenesis berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) secara tradisional digunakan dalam pengobatan herbal dan dilaporkan mengandung metabolit sekunder bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun A. muricata serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode peredaman radikal 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Daun sirsak diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, kemudian dilakukan skrining fitokimia secara kualitatif untuk mendeteksi alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/terpenoid. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji pada konsentrasi ekstrak 10, 20, 30, dan 40 ppm dengan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Nilai IC₅₀ menunjukkan konsentrasi yang diperlukan untuk menghambat 50% radikal DPPH ditentukan berdasarkan kurva persentase inhibisi. Hasil skrining fitokimia mengonfirmasi adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid dalam ekstrak. Ekstrak etanol menunjukkan aktivitas penangkap radikal yang kuat dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 18,28 µg/mL, sedangkan vitamin C menunjukkan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 2,48 µg/mL, sehingga keduanya dikategorikan sebagai antioksidan sangat kuat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirsak mengandung senyawa antioksidan potensial yang dapat berkontribusi dalam menurunkan stres oksidatif, sehingga ekstrak etanol daun A. muricata dapat dijadikan sumber antioksidan alami yang menjanjikan dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi formulasi fitofarmaka.

 

Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defenses, is associated with the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases. Annona muricata L. (soursop) leaves have been traditionally used in herbal medicine and reported to contain bioactive secondary metabolites with antioxidant potential. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of the ethanolic extract of A. muricata leaves and evaluate its antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Soursop leaves were extracted via maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening to detect alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/terpenoids. The antioxidant activity was assessed at extract concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm, with vitamin C serving as a positive control. The IC₅₀ value, representing the concentration required to inhibit 50% of DPPH radicals, was determined from the percentage inhibition curve. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/terpenoids in the extract. The ethanolic extract exhibited strong radical scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 18.28 µg/mL, while vitamin C demonstrated an IC₅₀ of 2.48 µg/mL, categorizing both as very strong antioxidants. These findings indicate that soursop leaf extract contains potent antioxidant compounds that may contribute to reducing oxidative stress. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of A. muricata leaves represents a promising natural antioxidant source and has potential for development into phytopharmaceutical formulations.


Keywords


antioksidan; sirsak; DPPH; fitokimia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30591/pjif.v15i2.10367

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