Penggunaan Antibiotik dan Etiologi Pasien Pneumonia  di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

Rosaria Ika Pratiwi; Heru Nurcahyo

doi:10.30591/pjif.v12i1.4808

Penggunaan Antibiotik dan Etiologi Pasien Pneumonia di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

Rosaria Ika Pratiwi, Heru Nurcahyo

Abstract

Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas yang sering membutuhkan rawat inap dan menjadi penyebab kematian. Pengobatan awal dipilih antibiotik secara empiris karena penyebab patogen belum diketahui. PiIihan penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat dapat dilakukan apabila mengetahui bakteri penyebab yang paling memungkinkan dan uji kepekaan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan antibiotik sebagai terapi CAP dan mikroorganisme penyebab CAP.

Rancangan penelitian observasional deskriptif, desain cohort prospektif pada 58 pasien CAP dewasa rawat inap di RSUP Dr. Sardjito periode Oktober - November 2022 yang telah memenuhi kriteria. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling dan dilakukan analisis secara deskriptif.

Karakteristik pasien CAP jenis kelamin laki-laki 35 pasien, perempuan 23 pasien, usia 18–39 tahun 10 pasien, 40–61 tahun 34 pasien, dan 62-85 tahun 14 pasien. Antibiotik yang digunakan antara lain ceftazidim, levofloxacin, azithromycin, bactesyn, ceftriaxone, moxifloxacin, cefoperazone, vancomycin, cefixime, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, amikacin, fosfomicin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, cotrimoxazol, metronidazole, cefoperazon, cefotaxime, cefepim, dan clindamycin Mikroorganisme penyebab CAP berdasarkan hasil kultur antara lain Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mitis/Streptococcus oralis, Enterobacter cloacae ssp cloacae, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus alactolyticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Gemella morbillorum, Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter asburiae, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus gordonii, Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus agalactiae, Stenotrophomonas maltophillia, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, dan Candida norvegensis.

Penggunaan antibiotik didominasi oleh ceftazidim, azithromycin, levofloxacin, bactesyn, dan ceftriaxone. Mikroorganisme penyebab CAP terbanyak adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mitis/Streptococcus oralis, Enterobacter cloacae ssp cloacae, dan Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Keywords

Antibiotik, Mikroorganisme, Pneumonia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30591/pjif.v12i1.4808