Pengembangan electric city car memerlukan sistem suspensi yang mampu memberikan kenyamanan dan stabilitas sekaligus meminimalkan gaya lateral pada komponen strut. Pada suspensi McPherson, deformasi vertikal pegas dapat menghasilkan side load akibat perubahan arah gaya selama proses kompresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan karakteristik side load empat konfigurasi pegas, yaitu linier, nonlinier, tipe C, dan tipe L, dengan variasi jumlah ulir 11, 12, dan 13 menggunakan Finite Element Method (FEM). Model pegas dianalisis pada displacement vertikal 50, 100, 150, 200, dan 250 mm. Gaya reaksi pada arah X, Y, dan Z digunakan sebagai parameter evaluasi, dengan gaya X dan Y sebagai indikator utama side load. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik gaya lateral dipengaruhi oleh bentuk geometri dan jumlah ulir. Pegas tipe L menunjukkan kecenderungan menghasilkan gaya lateral yang lebih besar, sedangkan pegas nonlinier memberikan respons lateral yang relatif rendah. Pada rentang wheel travel 50–200 mm, konfigurasi nonlinier 11 ulir menghasilkan gaya X sebesar 0,1–0,5 N dan gaya Y sebesar 23,9–95,6 N. Berdasarkan kriteria minimisasi gaya horizontal, pegas nonlinier 11 ulir merupakan konfigurasi yang paling potensial untuk mengurangi side load pada suspensi McPherson electric city car.

Advanced Vehicle Technology. (2002). Advanced Vehicle Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-5131-8.x5000-3

Budi, S. S., Hendrawan, A. B., Saputra, I., & Ismail, R. (2024). Force-Displacement analysis of macpherson type L suspension spring for electic city car using finite element method. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3070(1), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0199142

Budi, S. S., Suprihadi, A., Makhrojan, A., Ismail, R., & Jamari, J. (2017). The effect of linear spring number at side load of McPherson suspension in electric city car. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1788(January). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4968329

Cadet, G., & Paredes, M. (2024). Convergence analysis and mesh optimization of finite element analysis related to helical springs. Mechanics and Industry, 25. https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2024018

Cho, S., Yeon, H., Kim, H., & Kim, C. W. (2021). Design of end coil angular position and centerline shape of C-type side load coil spring for reducing side load of MacPherson strut suspension. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 35(3), 1153–1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0228-6

Choi, B. C., Cho, S., & Kim, C. W. (2018). Kriging Model Based Optimization of MacPherson Strut Suspension for Minimizing Side Load using Flexible Multi-Body Dynamics. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 19(6), 873–879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0103-2

Dwi Ananto, R. R., & Andoko. (2021). Coil spring type analysis using the finite element method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1034(1), 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1034/1/012016

Juniani, A. I., Wibisono, F., Kurniawan, B. W., Indrawan, R., Hamzah, F., Sidi, P., Purnomo, D. A., Rachman, F., & Ardliana, T. (2024). Cad-Based 3D Printing Education To Enhance the Competence of Vocational Students of Smk Babat Lamongan. Sawala : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Pembangunan Sosial, Desa Dan Masyarakat, 5(1), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.24198/sawala.v5i1.51152

Kushwah, S., Parekh, S., & Mangrola, M. (2020). Optimization of coil spring by finite element analysis method of automobile suspension system using different materials. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, 827–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.415

Liu, J., Zhuang, D. J., Yu, F., & Lou, L. M. (2008). Optimized design for a MacPherson strut suspension with side load springs. International Journal of Automotive Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-008-0004-y

Ryu, Y. I., Kang, D. O., Heo, S. J., Yim, H. J., & Jeon, J. I. (2010). Development of analytical process to reduce side load in strut-type suspension. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 24(1), 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-009-1103-z

Stević, Z., Dimitrijević, S. P., Stević, M., Stolić, P., Petrović, S. J., & Radivojević, M. (2023). The Design of a System for the Induction Hardening of Steels Using Simulation Parameters. Applied Sciences.

Zhang, D., & Cai, Y. (2020). Simulation Analysis and Optimization of a Passenger Car Ride Comfort. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 811(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/811/1/012052