Profitabilitas, Leverage, Intensitas Modal dan Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Energi: Pendekatan Teori Agensi
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, dan intensitas modal terhadap penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan subsektor energi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama 2020–2023 dengan landasan Teori Agensi. Penelitian kuantitatif ini memanfaatkan data sekunder laporan keuangan, dengan pemilihan sampel secara purposive sehingga diperoleh 41 perusahaan dan 131 unit observasi. Penghindaran pajak diproksikan menggunakan Effective Tax Rate (ETR), sedangkan profitabilitas, leverage, dan intensitas modal diukur melalui rasio keuangan yang lazim digunakan dalam literatur, kemudian diuji menggunakan regresi linear berganda berbantuan Stata. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap penghindaran pajak, sementara leverage dan intensitas modal tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Secara teoretis, temuan ini menegaskan bahwa penjelasan Teori Agensi atas keputusan pajak bersifat kontekstual dan dipengaruhi karakteristik sektor. Secara praktis, hasil penelitian mendukung pengawasan berbasis risiko yang memprioritaskan entitas berprofitabilitas tinggi, penguatan tax governance internal, serta penyusunan benchmark ETR sektoral dan analitik kepatuhan untuk menekan potensi penggerusan basis pajak.
Kata kunci: penghindaran pajak, profitabilitas, leverage, intensitas modal
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30591/monex.v15i1.9936
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.30591/monex.v15i1.9936.g3860
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